# LrrK Kinematic Software Danger Report

**LRRK Watch / Software Assurance** — Monthly filing.

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Collection cutoff | 31 August 2022 |
| Platform | Quiet Systems |
| Series | DKSR-M-2022-08 |
| Status | short |
| Data label | Open-source intelligence // LRRK analytic product |
| Handling | Public-source material. Retrospective monthly. Image rights require separate verification before publication. |

## Executive read

### BLUF

Sathaye et al. at USENIX Security 2022 is the in-window citation that COTS DJI and Autel remain GPS-spoofable. Civil GNSS is still unauthenticated.

### Key judgments

1. **[Assessment — High confidence]** Chamber OTA on current DJI/Autel stacks updates the Humphreys 2012 citation without becoming a CVE.
2. **[Assessment — High confidence]** Precise takeover is non-trivial and needs real-time signal control; nuisance spoof is not the same claim.
3. **[Inference — Moderate confidence]** OSNMA (2025) will appear later as a mitigation field, not a close of this class.

### Analytic labels

- **Fact** — verified reporting or primary record
- **Assessment** — analytic judgment
- **Inference** — reasoned but not directly observed
- **Uncertainty** — unresolved information gap

### Source grades

- **A1** — authoritative primary record / directly confirmed
- **B1–B2** — generally reliable and corroborated
- **C3** — useful but requires caution

## 01. Sathaye et al.: GPS spoof / takeover on COTS UAVs

*Event / publication dates: 10–12 August 2022, 31st USENIX Security Symposium, Boston*

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Component | hardware |
| Product | COTS UAVs from DJI and Autel (paper evaluation set) |
| CVE / advisory | no CVE |
| Patch | not applicable (civil GNSS property) |
| Exploit status | public writeup; RtGSG released to researchers |
| Taxonomy | CWE-345 (class) · CAPEC-148 · OWASP IoT I7 |

**Verified record — [Fact — A1] Sathaye, Strohmeier, Lenders, Ranganathan, USENIX Security 2022. https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity22/presentation/sathaye · https://www.usenix.org/system/files/sec22-sathaye.pdf**

**Exposure.** Unauthenticated civil GPS is navigation-state capture. Sense collapses Move.

**Intelligence assessment.** [Assessment — High confidence] Standard in-window GPS-takeover citation. [Inference — Moderate confidence] Complete stable takeover ≠ a cheap spoof.

**Opportunity.** Passport GNSS authentication as an evidenced field. Lab takeover vs nuisance spoof as different claims.

**LRRK relevance.** Sense-Move-Act. KAT from RF to navigation state.

**Confidence.** High.

## Forward indicators

1. Galileo OSNMA operational (filed later as DKSR-M-2025-07).
2. A u-blox or OEM CVE that actually cites UAV impact (none in this month).

> **Collection integrity.** One verified paper. Not padded. No exploit steps.

*LRRK — security assurance for systems that sense, move, and act.*

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